Jan 6, 2018

A House hold power saving devices has recently received a lot of attention from both consumers and manufacturers. It is generally used in residential homes to save energy and to reduce electricity bills. It is a small device which is to be plugged in any of the AC sockets in the house (Mostly near Energy Meter). Moreover, some of the companies claim that their power savers save up to 40% of the energy.
Many people believe that the claims made by the power saver manufacturing companies are false. Almost all people who buy power savers do it to reduce their electricity bills. Many people who have used these power savers said that they could reduce their electricity bills with the devices; however the reduction was not as much as they had expected. Moreover, they could not figure out if the reduction in electricity bills was due to the power savers or because of their

Types of Neutral Earthing in Power Distribution

Introduction:

In the early power systems were mainly Neutral ungrounded due to the fact that the first ground fault did not require the tripping of the system. An unscheduled shutdown on the first ground fault was particularly undesirable for continuous process industries. These power systems required ground detection systems, but locating the fault often proved difficult. Although achieving the initial goal, the ungrounded system provided no control of transient over-voltages.
A capacitive coupling exists between the system conductors and ground in a typical distribution system. As a result, this series resonant L-C circuit can create over-voltages well in excess of line-to-line voltage when subjected to repetitive re-strikes of one phase to ground. This in turn, reduces insulation life resulting in possible equipment failure.
Neutral grounding systems are similar to fuses in that they do nothing until something in the system goes wrong. Then, like fuses, they protect personnel and equipment from damage. Damage comes from two factors, how long the fault lasts and how large the fault current is. Ground relays trip breakers and limit how long a fault lasts and Neutral

Cable SheathEarthing

Introduction:

In urban areas, high voltage underground cables are commonly used for the transmission and distribution of electricity. Such high voltage cables have metallic sheaths or screens surrounding the conductors, and/or armour and metallic wires surrounding the cables. During earth faults applied to directly earthed systems, these metallic paths are expected to carry a substantial proportion of the total fault current, which would otherwise flow through the general mass of earth, while returning to system neutrals. These alternative return paths must be considered when determining the extent of the grid potential rise at an electrical plant due to earth faults.
For safety and reliable operation, the shields and metallic sheaths of power cables must be grounded. Without grounding, shields would operate at a potential considerably above ground. Thus, they would be hazardous to touch and would cause rapid degradation of the jacket or other material intervening between shield and ground. This is caused by the capacitive charging current of the cable insulation that is on the order of 1 mA/ft of conductor length.
This current normally flows, at power frequency, between the conductor and the earth electrode of the cable, normally the shield. In addition, the shield or metallic sheath provides a fault return path in the event of insulation failure, permitting rapid operation of the protection devices.

What is HIPOT Testing (Dielectric Strength Test):

Hipot Test is short name of high potential (high voltage) Teat and It also known as Dielectric Withstand Test. A hipot test checks for “good isolation.” Hipot test makes surety of no current will flow from one point to another point. Hipot test is the opposite of a continuity test.

Introduction

The main reason for doing earthing in electrical network is for the safety. When all metallic parts in electrical equipments are grounded then if the insulation inside the equipments fails there are no dangerous voltages present in the equipment case. If the live wire touches the grounded case then the circuit is effectively shorted and fuse will immediately blow. When the fuse is blown then the dangerous voltages are away.

Purpose of Earthing:

(1) Safety for Human life/ Building/Equipments:

To save human life from danger of electrical shock or death by blowing a fuse i.e. To provide an alternative path for the fault current to flow so that it will not endanger the user
To protect buildings, machinery & appliances under fault conditions.

Measurement of Earth Resistance by use of Earth Tester

For measuring soil resistivity Earth Tester is used. It is also called the “MEGGER”.
It has a voltage source, a meter to measure Resistance in ohms, switches to change instrument range, Wires to connect terminal to Earth Electrode and Spikes.
It is measured by using Four Terminal Earth Tester Instrument. The terminals are connected by wires as in illustration.
P=Potential Spike and C=Current Spike. The distance between the spikes may be 1M, 2M, 5M, 10M, 35M, and 50M.
All spikes are equidistant and in straight line to maintain electrical continuity. Take measurement in different directions.
Soil resistivity =2πLR.
R= Value of Earth resistance in ohm.
Distance between the spikes in cm.
π = 3.14
P = Earth resistivity ohm-cm.
Earth resistance value is directly proportional to Soil resistivity value

Measurement of Earth Resistance (Three point method):

In this method earth tester terminal C1 & P1 are shorted to each other and connected to the earth electrode (pipe) under test.

Abstract of National Electrical Code for Transformer’s Protection

Abstract of National Electrical Code

According to NEC 450.4, “each transformer 600 volts, nominal, or less shall be protected by an individual over current device installed in series with each ungrounded input conductor.
Such over current device shall be rated or set at not more than 125% of the rated full-load input current of the auto transformer.

Guideline to Design Electrical Network for Building / Small Area.

(1) Calculate Electrical Load:

Find out built up area in Sqft.of per flat per House/Dwelling unit.
Multiply area in Sqft. by Load/Sqft according to following Table

Type of Load	Load/Sqft
Industrial	100 Watt/Sqft
Commercial	30 Watt/Sqft
Domestic	15 Watt/Sqft

Apply the diversity factor and Compute the load of all dwelling units in the area.

Type of Load	Diversity Factor
Industrial	0.5
Commercial	0.8
Domestic	0.4

Add the load of common services such as Auditorium, Street Lights, Lifts and Water Pumps etc. For simplicity purpose 0.5kW/dwelling units may be considered as common load.
Compute the “Total Load” of the area by adding load observed at above.

(1) Demand factor (in IEC, Max.Utilization factor (Ku)):

The word “demand” itself says the meaning of Demand Factor. The ratio of the maximum coincident demand of a system, or part of a system, to the total connected load of the system.
Demand Factor = Maximum demand / Total connected load
For example, an over sized motor 20 Kw drives a constant 15 Kw load whenever it is ON. The motor demand factor is then 15/20 =0.75= 75 %.
Demand Factor is express as a percentage (%) or in a ratio (less than 1).
Demand factor is always < =1.

Demand Factor is always change with the time to time or hours to hours of use and it will not constant.
The connected load is always known so it will

Effects of High VoltageTransmission Lines

Introduction:

By increasing population of the world, towns are expanding, many buildings construct near high voltage overhead power transmission lines. The increase of power demand has increased the need for transmitting huge amount of power over long distances. Large transmission lines configurations with high voltage and current levels generate large values of electric and magnetic fields stresses which affect the human being and the nearby objects located at ground surfaces. This needs to be investigating the effects of electromagnetic fields near the transmission lines on human health.

Direct OnLine Starter

Introduction:

Different starting methods are employed for starting induction motors because Induction Motor draws more starting current during starting. To prevent damage to the windings due to the high starting current flow, we employ different types of starters.
The simplest form of motor starter for the induction motor is the Direct On Line starter. The DOL starter consist a MCCB or Circuit Breaker, Contactor and an overload relay for protection. Electromagnetic contactor which can be opened by the thermal overload relay under fault conditions.

IR Values of electrical equipment

The measurement of insulation resistance is a common routine test performed on all types of electrical wires and cables. As a production test, this test is often used as a customer acceptance test, with minimum insulation resistance per unit length often specified by the customer. The results obtained from IR Test are not intended to be useful in finding localized defects in the insulation as in a true HIPOT test, but rather give information on the quality of the bulk material used as the insulation.Even when not required by the end customer, manywire and cable manufacturers use the insulation resistance test to track their insulation manufacturing processes, and spot developing problems

Wireless charging solution

Energous’ new wireless transmitter will redefine wireless charging by allowing users to charge multiple devices without physical contact with the charger

What makes the new Wattup Transmitter better than existing forms of wireless charging based on the widely accepted Qi charging standard is the fact that it works without physical contact between the smartphone that is being charged and the inducting device.

Oceans losing oxygen, can damage marine life: study

As Earth is warming up, the ocean is losing its breath and can cause serious damage to marine life, affect livelihoods of millions and trigger release of dangerous greenhouse gases, says study

As per the study, even a small decline in ocean oxygen can stunt growth in animals, hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death. Photo: Getty Images

New Delhi: As Earth is warming up, the ocean is losing its breath and can cause serious damage to marine life, affect livelihoods of millions of people and trigger the release of dangerous greenhouse gases like nitrous oxide, said a latest study published on Thursday in noted international journal Science.

The study said that in the past 50 years, the amount of water in the open ocean with zero oxygen has gone up more than fourfold and in coastal water bodies, including estuaries and seas, low-oxygen sites have increased more than 10-fold since 1950.

Scientists expect oxygen to continue dropping even outside these zones as Earth warms up. The study said in order to halt the decline, the world needs to rein in both climate change and nutrient pollution.

“Oxygen is fundamental to life in the oceans. The decline in ocean oxygen ranks among the most serious effects of human activities on the Earth’s environment,” said Denise Breitburg, lead author of study and a marine ecologist with US-based Smithsonian Environmental Research Center.

“It’s a tremendous loss to all the support services that rely on recreation and tourism, hotels and restaurants and taxi drivers and everything else. The reverberations of unhealthy ecosystems in the ocean can be extensive,” said Lisa Levin, a biological oceanographer at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California San Diego, US.

The study was done by a team of scientists from GO2NE (Global Ocean Oxygen Network), a new working group created in 2016 by the United Nation’s Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.

It is a first such study that takes a sweeping look at the causes, consequences and solutions to low oxygen worldwide, in both open ocean and coastal waters. It highlighted the biggest dangers to the ocean and society, and what it will take to keep Earth’s waters healthy and productive.

Explaining the importance of oxygen in oceans, Vladimir Ryabinin, executive secretary of the International Oceanographic Commission, which formed the GO2NE group, said, “Approximately half of the oxygen on Earth comes from the ocean.”

“However, combined effects of nutrient loading and climate change are greatly increasing the number and size of ‘dead zones’ in the open ocean and coastal waters, where oxygen is too low to support most marine life,” Ryabinin added.

The authors point out that in areas traditionally called “dead zones”, like those in Chesapeake Bay (in the US) and the Gulf of Mexico, oxygen plummets to levels so low many animals suffocate and die. As fish avoid these zones, their habitats shrink and they become more vulnerable to predators or fishing. But the problem goes far beyond dead zones, the authors explained in an official statement.

The danger due to low oxygen in oceans is manifold. For instance, as per the study, even small oxygen declines can stunt growth in animals, hinder reproduction and lead to disease or even death.

“It also can trigger the release of dangerous chemicals such as nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas up to 300 times more powerful than carbon dioxide, and toxic hydrogen sulfide. While some animals can thrive in dead zones, overall biodiversity falls,” the study warns.

To keep low oxygen in check, the scientists said the world needs to take on the issue from three angles—address the causes, nutrient pollution and climate change. “This is a problem we can solve. Halting climate change requires a global effort, but even local actions can help with nutrient-driven oxygen decline,” said Breitburg.

One day sightseeing in Bangalore: Bangalore Sightseeing

Bangalore Sightseeing

“Bengaluru” – A traveller’s delight. A Verdant city amidst the Serene greenery filled with loads of fun and colorful delights. Known as the “Garden City Of India” and also as the “Silicon Valley of India” Bengaluru is the capital of ‘Karnataka’ and one of most Scenic and Pristine Metropolitan cities in India.
Boasting history dating back to the 15th century A.D, this beautiful city was founded by Sri Kempegowda who was a feudatory ruler of the Vijayanagara Empire. Today, this city has everything right from the pre historical Temples to one of the most technologically advanced research institutes like “The Indian Institute of Science (IISC)” and many more. Overall, we have some of the best places for one day sightseeing in Bangalore hand picked for you.

Delhi

Your weekend is coming up and you are tired of your monotonous life of going back and forth from work and then lazing around during the weekends. Well then, why don’t you bring some adventure and excitement in your life? Probably try a new and different experience? Even escape from the city and go into the wilderness and get in touch with nature? Well, here are 8 one-day camping getaways that you could try and liven up your weekend!

Outing Places Near Bangalore

Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India and is home to thousands of offices. The road traffic in Bangalore is also known to be one of the worst in the country, and we always hear stories of people stuck for hours together in roadblocks and traffic jams. If you are one such Bangalorean who wants to have a day or two out with your team to relax, rejuvenate and let your hair down and is looking for the top places for team outings near Bangalore, you have come to the right page.

ADRENALINE RUSH IN DUBAI – Top Adventure Activities

With skyscrapers soaring way above the clouds, a desert on one side and the beautiful beach on the other, no place on this planet could redefine the term ‘Luxury’ as well as Dubai. The kind of growth it has shown in the last 2 decades is unheard of. While popularly known for its majestic architectural structures, another aspect of this amazing place is the wide range of adventure sports that Dubai has to offer to tourists from across the world. Each sport guarantees to pump up your adrenaline and give the experience of a lifetime. Whether you’re newlywed honeymooners, a bachelor’s crew or a spinster’s squad, or even a family on vacation, these sports will definitely give you the opportunity to renew your heartbeat and feed the daredevil inside you!

Valentine’s Day Special

Being in love is great but traveling with the one you love? Priceless. There are some who manage to find romance wherever they go while there are some places so charming that it brings out the romance in people. Places like Auli and Andamans are already among the favorite honeymoon destinations and seem to be overflowing with couples in love. But many a times one wants to spend their time with their significant other in places where love comes from within.

So we said, don’t go to Gulmarg where everyone you see is a couple. Go to Pahalgam where you are the most loving couple. This list comprises of such known and lesser known Romantic places in India which oozes romance and lure you to it. To the singles out there, we haven’t forgotten you. This list is as much for you as it is for the couples. Some of these destinations make for great solo trips to explore your solitude in while being romanced by the place.

12 Best Resorts with Water Facing View for A Perfect Break

Best Resorts with Water Facing View for A Perfect Break

You’re just going through the dates, and your eyes glisten with excitement as you see the holiday seasons approaching. Doesn’t this just happen to all of us out there? And what better way to celebrate the well-needed break from the hectic lifestyle other than pampering oneself in one of the posh and lavish resorts of the country! We believe in bringing to our readers, the best places to visit and enjoy all the amenities. This time, our targets are the splendid water face view resorts all across the nation. Scroll down and pick your favorite to spend your time during the coming holidays. You can thank us later folks!

15 Resorts Near Kolkata For A Perfect Weekend Getaway

I think Delhiites know how to party, but Kolkata has people who know how to celebrate. I think that’s the main difference.– Gautam Gambhir

This one simple sentence encompasses the spirit of Kolkata in all its true sense. Touted as the “City of Joy”, people here sure know how to celebrate and rejoice. When it comes to travelling in luxury and style, Kolkata won’t let you down. There are a number of luxury resorts in and around this city, which will let you unwind amidst total serenity. Whether you are looking for a peaceful getaway with your family or a place to chill out with your friends, Kolkata has it all in store for you.

These 15 resorts around Kolkata is your heaven for a weekend getaway!

15 Places To Go With Your Friends Just After You Graduate

Graduating is a monumental time in any student’s life. As someone who’s graduating this very year, I can understand the storm of emotions that we go through, every day and every night. Emotions can be solicited by the smallest of things and there’s full reason for it. This is your big push-off into the real world and every emotion that you feel is justified many times over.

But, standing at the threshold of your runway, you’ve every right to take things a little slow at the last moment. So, take a trip with your buddies. Life is quite worthless without that last trip you take as students and the memories you pack during that time. Therefore, we at Holidify put together a list of trips that you can take with your amigos before life starts for you in a big way after summer this year.

11 Best Zoos in India

If you’re sitting at home rummaging through the internet and racking your brain to look for places to visit on a weekend with your little one, this is like fate extending a hand to you with a list of zoological parks you can land up at. India has been sheltering hundreds of wild animal species since time immemorial, and some of them are housed in these zoos that you don’t want to miss. Cognizant of the fact that watching television at home is detrimental, we would suggest all parents to take their little ones to a zoo for an elevated experience and knowledge of animal species that they can never learn through textbooks.

Chhath Puja- Bihar’s Biggest Festival

What is Chhath Puja?

Chhath Puja, Source

Festivals and Fairs of Bihar

India is a land of varied culture, festivals, beliefs and religions. Whichever part of the country you visit, you will come across some culture that will be completely different from your own. It is simply amazing how one country houses so many diversified religions. People of this country love to celebrate festivals and feel it is an opportunity to get together with friends and family and have merriment.

Each state of the country has some festivals that are a unique part of its cultural heritage and are different from the rest. It fascinating to witness these festivities. Bihar wholeheartedly celebrates festivals like Durga Puja, Bhaiya Dooj, Holi, Saraswati Puja etc.

But there is one festival that is uniquely associated with Bihar, and that is the festival of Chhath. Today, we bring you a list of festivals from the Land of Biharis- Bihar!

1. Chatth Puja

This is probably the most famous festival of this State. When one hears Chatth Puja, Bihar instantly comes to the mind. This is an actually an ancient Hindu festival which is dedicated to the Sun God, Surya, and take place 6 days after Diwali. It is an expression of thanks giving and seeking blessings from the Almighty for sustaining life on Earth. During this festival, the person observing Chatth, also known as Parvati, observes a fast from dawn to dusk which concludes with sweets. This fast is followed by another fast for 36 hours till the final day, when puja starts at the river, before sunrise. You can witness thousands of devotees and the river during this time. Witnessing Chatth Puja will let you witness the devotion in its true sense.

Main Menu

Jan 6, 2018

Introduction:

What is HIPOT Testing (Dielectric Strength Test):

Introduction

Purpose of Earthing:

(1) Safety for Human life/ Building/Equipments:

Measurement of Earth Resistance (Three point method):

(1) Calculate Electrical Load:

(1) Demand factor (in IEC, Max.Utilization factor (Ku)):

Demand Factor = Maximum demand / Total connected load

Demand factor is always < =1.

Introduction:

Introduction:

IR Values of electrical equipment

Wireless charging solution

Bangalore Sightseeing

Delhi

Jan 5, 2018

I think Delhiites know how to party, but Kolkata has people who know how to celebrate. I think that’s the main difference.– Gautam Gambhir

What is Chhath Puja?

Festivals and Fairs of Bihar

1. Chatth Puja

2. Sama Chakeva

3. Shravani Mela

4. Sonepur Cattle Fair

5. Makar Sankranti Mela

6. Pitrapaksha Mela

7. Rajgir Mahotsav

8. Bihula

9. Buddha Jayanti

1. The Machan Resort, Lonavala

2. The Lagoona Resort, Lonavala

3. Della Resorts, Kunegaon, Lonavala

5. The Dukes Retreat, Khandala

6. Mystica Resort, Khandala

7. Fariyas Resort, Khandala

11. U Tropicana Resort, Alibaug

12. Prakruti Resort, Kashid

13. Cloud 9 Hills Resort, Amba Valley Road

14. Radisson Resort and Spa

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